A Reconsideration of Modernization Theory: Contribution to ICT4D's Research

Since evolving into an established science in the 1990s, the field of information and communication technologies for development (ICT4D) has seen unprecedented and fast-growing rates of publication, curriculum venues, and development projects around the globe. To this effect, ICT4D’s development literature is informed by a variety of theories (e.g., capability approach, livelihoods, participatory development, etc.). In the process of asserting its body of knowledge, however, ICT4D has tended to dismiss the theory of modernization. For example, under theories such as technology fix, technology transplant, a computer per child, etc., the theory of modernization has been equated with the failures of and threats against development. Consequently, reduced to one aspect of its myriad applications, the theory of modernization has lost its value among development practitioners and theorists. This paper traces the theory of modernization. There is no such thing as a developed society/nation without modernization. The paper derives some points of interest for ICT4D’s research and managerial skills.